Basic Info for Ch 47

Ch 47 – Animal Development
**Note: Unlike the questions for other chapters, the questions below focus on animals in general, rather than on humans or mammals specifically. There are some specifics on mammalian development at the end of section 47.1.

1. What is cell differentiation?
2. In fertilization, how does a sperm nucleus end up inside the egg cell? (Hint: read about the acrosomal reaction)
3. Once one sperm fertilizes an egg, how is fertilization by other sperm cells prevented? (Hint: read about the cortical reaction)
4. Label the diagram below (click on it to enlarge) with the following terms: archenteron, blastocoel, blastomere, blastopore, blastula, gastrula, morula, zygote.

5. Using the labeled diagram, describe the steps of animal development, from fertilized egg to adult. Be sure to describe the following processes, and indicate how they are related to the structures you labeled: cleavage, gastrulation, organogenesis, neurulation. Don’t skimp on your answer to this question!
6. There are three germ layers in many animal bodies. Name the three layers. Name two adult structures that develop from each layer (try to pick two that you think are the most important).

If you are having trouble with this chapter, you might try visiting the textbook website: http://wps.aw.com/bc_campbell_biology_8ap/ , and looking at “Activity: Sea Urchin Development” under concept 47.1.